2. Are Your Goals Enhancing Your Wellbeing? : stressLess-life
Are Your Goals Enhancing Your Wellbeing?
https://ift.tt/yIZl82SGoals may enhance any of the six aspects of wellbeing. Moving towards valued goals or attaining them may increase positive emotions, engagement in skilled activities, development of relationships, meaning and purpose in life, accomplishment and physical health.
That is, striving for goals (the journey) and goal attainment (arriving at the destination) can both enhance wellbeing. Goals can vary on many dimensions, including size (small or large goals) and time-frame (Short, medium, long term) and importance (highly valued, lesser valued). Here, we are considering large, long term, highly-valued goals.
Research on goals shows that they have a number of positive functions.
· They channel effort towards goals and so give life direction.
· They motivate us to keep going and not give up or be distracted.
· They help organise information, skills, and strategies in terms of means and ends.
· Where goals are related to fulfilling basic needs (e.g. acquiring food shelter, or resources) they facilitate survival.
· Where goals are long-term and highly valued (e.g. helping others) they can give life meaning. Without a vision for the future and highly valued goals to work towards, there is a risk of becoming aimless, unmotivated, and disorganised and wasting time doing things that are not valued.
· Highly valued goals create motivations to plan, discover new information, master skills, use strategies, stay focused, resist temptation and distraction, monitor progress, get feedback, take corrective action, manage time and resources effectively, meet deadlines and interact with other people in ways that facilitate goal attainment.
The downside to setting and pursuing highly valued goals is that these processes may sometimes lead to negative effect. There are two main reasons for this. First, goal setting highlights the discrepancy between the current and desired future state. If goal attainment is viewed as a prerequisite for happiness, ruminating about failing to attain goals or actual failure may lead to unhappiness. Secondly, the positive effects of reaching goals are usually transitory – habituation and the hedonic treadmill come in to play. We adapt to positive events such that they quickly become the new normal. However, the positive effects of achieving goals may be prolonged by savouring success. A second strategy is to focus attention on the process. Goal pursuit rather than goal attainment: enjoying the journey, not just the destination, is associated with greater wellbeing. This is particularly true when pursuing long-term, highly-valued goals.
Goals that involve doing activities rather than acquiring possessions, or that involve creating new experiences rather than changing circumstances, are more likely to lead to sustained increases in happiness and wellbeing. We adapt to changes in circumstances more than to changes in intentional activities. Because of this, goals that involve intentional activities have longer-lasting positive effects. Beyond the point at which our basic needs are met, vast increases in material possessions do not lead to commensurate increases in happiness and wellbeing. Because of this, goals that involve doing activities and engaging in new experiences lead to greater wellbeing then acquiring possessions.
Goals that involve approaching a valued outcome (for example, doing kind things for others) usually lead to greater wellbeing and goal attainment than those that involve avoiding an undesirable situation (for example avoiding conflict with others), and there are various reasons for this. It is easier to pursue and monitor progress towards approach compared with avoidance goals. Approach goals elicit more positive than negative cognitions because they focus attention on desirable outcomes. However, for adaptive functioning, a combination of both approach and avoidance goals is necessary, and individual goal preferences may determine the optimal balance of approach and avoidance goals for the wellbeing of any particular individual.
Goals with the following characteristics are more likely to enhance wellbeing:
· Appropriate to your life circumstances.
· They are intrinsically rewarding.
· Aligned with the basic needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness.
· They involve doing activities (more than changing circumstances).
· They engage in valued experiences (more than acquiring possessions).
· They approach valued outcomes (rather than avoiding undesirable outcomes).
· Your goals fit together harmoniously (and don’t conflict).
· They are visualisable / tangible and challenging (rather than fuzzy and easy).
· They inspire a high level of commitment (rather than little commitment).
· They can be monitored to give corrective feedback on progress.
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